柴油发动机水温过高故障诊断排除

柴油机水温过高,会导致车辆动力下降、加速不良等问题发生.文章介绍了柴油发动机冷却系的作用、结构和工作原理,阐述了柴油发动机水温过高的主要原因,提出了柴油发动机水温过高故障排除步骤,通过故障实例排除分析,使大家进一步了解发动机水温过高的危害.     

Identification of sources of resistance to damping-off and early root/hypocotyl damage from Rhizoctonia solani in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Rhizoctonia solani causes economically important root and hypocotyl diseases in common bean throughout the world. Root health is a vital factor in plant development and root diseases would negatively influence water and nutrient uptake as well as cause direct stand reduction and root rot damage to the crop. An efficient common bean screening method to evaluate damping-off and early root/hypocotyl damage from R. solani was developed and used to identify dry bean lines with levels of resistance to this disease. Two sets of 163 and 111 lines previously evaluated for drought tolerance in Nebraska and Puerto Rico were evaluated for damping-off resistance and early root/hypocotyl damage under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity on plants was identified based on above-ground symptoms, seedling survival and root lesions using a rating scale of 1 (resistant) to 9 (susceptible). In the first set of lines representing commonly grown dry bean cultivars, germplasm and sources of damping-off resistance, the Rhizoctonia mean rating ranged from 1.7 to 3.9; Phaseolus vulgaris lines PI 310668 and PI 533249 had the highest damping-off resistance. In the second set of the best lines from a drought tolerance shuttle breeding program the Rhizoctonia mean rating was between 2.6 and 5.7. The availability of drought tolerant dry bean lines allowed the testing of the hypothesis that there was a correlation between selecting for drought tolerance and R. solani damping-off resistance. No correlation between mean disease rating and drought tolerance was found, but adapted dry bean lines such as NE14-08-176 released as SB-DT1, and NE14-08-225 were identified with moderate damping-off resistance and drought tolerance. Lines with both traits and other attributes will facilitate development of resistant bean cultivars to manage damping-off caused by R. solani.     

商用汽车发展趋势探析

分别从商用汽车的发动机技术和结构、变速器结构型式、行走机构型式和驾驶室结构等方面进行了阐述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Single and Interactive Effects of Temperature and Light Quality on Four Canola Cultivars

Combined effects of temperature and light quality on plants have received little attention. We investigated the single and interactive effects of temperature and light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of four canola (Brassica napus) cultivars – Clearfield 46A76 (cv₁), Clearfield 45H72 (cv₂), Roundup Ready 45H24 (cv₃) and Roundup Ready 45H21 (cv₄). Plants were grown under lower (24°/20 °C) and higher (30°/26 °C) temperature regimes at low red/far‐red (R/FR), normal R/FR and high R/FR light ratios in environment‐controlled growth chambers (16 h light/8 h dark). Higher temperature reduced stem height and diameter; leaf number and area; dry matter of all plant parts; and specific leaf weight, but increased leaf area ratio; and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (Y). Low R/FR increased stem height; Y; and ethylene, but decreased stem diameter; F_v/F_m; Chl a; Chl b; and carotenoids. Among cultivars, plants from cv₄ were tallest with thickest stems and greatest dry matter. None of the main factors affected gas exchange. Higher temperature at high R/FR caused cv₃ to be shortest, whereas lower temperature at low R/FR caused cv₄ to be tallest. We conclude that heat and other stress factors will adversely affect sensitive crops, but tolerant genotypes should perform well under future climate.     

Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low‐Cost Microcontroller‐Based Monitoring System

In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high‐temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance.     

盐胁迫对雪菊种子萌发的影响

采用纸培法，用不同浓度NaCI单盐溶液（O％、0．5％、0．6％、0．9％、1．2％）处理雪菊种子，研究不同浓度盐胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高，雪菊种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数都有所降低，在O％～0．9％盐浓度范围内，各性状指标与对照差异不显著，1．2％盐浓度下与对照形成显著差异。低浓度（0．3％）盐胁迫对雪菊种子萌发有促进作用，发芽率为87％，高于对照3个百分点，盐浓度超过0．9％时，明显延迟种子发芽时间，发茅率为57％，低于对照27个百分点。雪菊种子萌发时的耐盐适宜范围为0％～1．5％，耐盐半致死浓度为2．25％，耐盐极限浓度为5．85％，可在河北滨海滩涂盐渍化土壤地区推广种植。     

论油气储运设施安全的重要性

油气储运设施是连接石油工业产、运、销各环节的纽带,其安全重要性日益凸显。介绍了油气储存和运输设施的分类依据及主要类型;从储运介质的易燃易爆和毒害性、油气储运设施易构成重大危险源两个方面论述了油气储运设施安全的重要性;通过总结近年发生的大连＂7.16＂爆炸事故、大型储罐火灾事故及油气管道泄漏事故的教训,指出第三方破坏是导致管道发生泄漏事故的主要原因,而打孔盗油又是其中的重要因素;提出了在工程立项、设计、施工及运行管理的各个阶段加强安全管理的具体措施。     

剪叶对春油菜源库关系的影响

试验以春油菜青油-46为供试材料,在花期进行剪叶处理,研究源的减少对库器官的分化和形成的影响,研究表明:油菜花期去叶减少了源的面积,影响了油菜光合产物的积累,使油菜株高降低,茎秆变细,分枝减少,角粒数下降,千粒重增加,角果大小、单位角果皮面积的生产力(PPA)、单位角果皮面积负担的籽粒数(SNPA)下降,生物产量和经济产量降低,对分枝产量的影响大于主花序,且去叶越多下降越大,其中去短柄叶的影响大于长柄叶。     

涉农纠纷化解机制主体职能研究简

从涉农纠纷的现状和涉农纠纷化解机制的现状出发,分析涉农纠纷化解机制存在的问题及完善多元主体互动化解涉农纠纷的必要性,优化不同主体在化解涉农纠纷过程中的职能.     

新牧一号苜蓿MvP5CS基因的克隆和功能分析

为研究苜蓿（Medicago sativa）耐盐分子机制，为抗逆分子育种提供依据，通过同源克隆和RT PCR技术克隆了新牧一号杂花苜蓿（M.varia Xinmu 1）的MvP5CS基因， MvP5CS全长2 148 bp，Genbank登录号为：EU371644。荧光定量PCR分析发现，在盐胁迫下MvP5CS基因表达明显上调，说明 MvP5CS与苜蓿的耐盐性相关。利用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法，将MvP5CS基因成功转入烟草（Nicotiana tabacum），盐胁迫下转MvP5CS基因T1代烟草萌发率和根长均高于非转基因烟草。表明新牧一号苜蓿P5CS基因能够提高转基因烟草的耐盐性。